Summer2022

What are the 6 elements of cell theory? - Answer- 1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. Cells have hereditary data that is passed down to their offspring. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. 4. All organisms, both unicellular and multicellular, are made of one or more cells. 5. Energy flows through cells. 6. All cells have a similar composition. What is the overview of cell theory - Answer-idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure ...

Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment, and behavior. It is estimated that there are between 10 million and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of organisms, it remains difficult to define what it means to say something is alive. Which of the following can be described as the smallest living unit? a) organelle b) DNA c) Cell d) protein - Answer-c The central dogma provides a framework for thinking about how genetic information is copied and ...

Model organisms are often used to study fundamental biological processes that can be applied to other organisms, such as humans. The bacteria E. coli is a popular model organism because it divides rapidly and can be genetically manipulated, among other reasons. Given what you know about the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, which of the following biological processes is the most suitable for study using E. coli as the model organism. DNA replication DNA replication is...

How do DNA mutations occur? (3) - Answer-a mutation is any random change in the chemical structure of DNA 1) as a consequence of exposure to chemicals or UV light 2) at random bc of the chemical structure of the DNA 3) as a consequence of the activity of some cellular enzymes that induce the loss of specific chemical groups whats a silent mutaation? (aka neutral mutation) - Answer-changes in the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA that have no effect on the type of genetic info encoded i...

How large is our genome? - Answer-3200 million bp How many base pairs does the genome contain? - Answer-3 × 10^9 base pairs. How long is the genome when fully extended? - Answer-20,000 phone books long What is Chromatin? - Answer-the fibrous complex of eukaryotic DNA and histone proteins. Which are the main Histones? - Answer-H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. What's the charge (polarity) of Histones? - Answer-Positive What amino acid residues are responsible for that net charge? - An...

1. Highly condensed chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive is called - Answer-Heterochromatin 1. If you were to make a synthetic form of DNA in which the phosphate group is substituted by a chemical group exhibiting a net positive charge, the resulting synthetic DNA" - Answer-Would likely not be packaged by histones The major structural proteins in human chromatin are known as - Answer-histones The main function of the centromere is to - Answer-Allow the proper distribution of ch...

Define cell, microbe and list hallmarks of cell. What is the status of Prions, virions, and viruses? - Cell: fundamental unit of life. Cell membrane, genetic material, self replication, regulation, similar macromolecules, energy use. Microbe: organism that cannot be seen without a microscope. Prions, viruses, virions are acellular and nonliving. List effects of microbes on ecosystem. List extreme conditions at which microbes can thrive. - Earliest photosynthetic organisms, dramaticall...

Which of the following statements about the basic chemistry of cells is TRUE? - Answer-The genetic instructions in all cells are stored in DNA Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotes are TRUE - Answer-They have no Golgi apparatus The most reliable feature distinguishing a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is the - Answer-Presence of a nucleus Correct each of the following so that it becomes a TRUE statement about mitochondria - Answer-Mitochondria are thought ti b...

Cells like bacteria & archaea, that do NOT have a nucleus - Answer-Prokaryote Which characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from other microorganisms? - Answer-Lack cell structure organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element ____ bond to other atoms? - Answer-Carbon Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of? - Answer-Repeating monomers All are lipids, except? - Answer-Starch A fat is ___ if all carbons of the fatty acid are singl...

Many types of non-covalent interactions are electrostatic in nature; one notable exception is A) Hydrogen bond C) Ionic interaction B) Van der Waals interaction D) Hydrophobic interaction - Answer-D 2. Maintaining correct pH is very important for living systems. Which of the following molecules is important for pH control in living systems? A) Proteins, especially those with high content of histidine residues B) Dihydrogen phosphate and hydrogen phosphate C) Bicarbonate D) All of t...