Nutrition

(coagulation) A client with a newly placed prosthetic heart valve will be maintained on long-term anticoagulant therapy. Which medication does the nurse anticipate being used for this purpose? A. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) B. Dalteparin (Fragmin) C. Heparin D. Warfarin (Coumadin) Correct Answer-D. Warfarin (Coumadin) Rationale: Indications for warfarin therapy include the long-term prophylaxis of arterial thromboembolism, including prevention of stroke and MI. Other uses include the proph...

Which of the following governmental agencies collaborate to publish national dietary guidelines in the United States? the U.S. Department of the Interior the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services the U.S. Department of Agriculture the U.S. Department of Commerce the U.S. Department of Education Correct Answer-the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services the U.S. Department of Agriculture The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) guidelines specify which of the following? the amount...

first line of defense Correct Answer-the line of defense where there are physical and chemical barriers to pathogens second line of defense Correct Answer-the line of defense where there are cells, chemicals, and general processes that kill pathogens third line of defense Correct Answer-the line of defense where reactions against specific pathogens occur innate immunity Correct Answer-Inborn, ancient protection existing in one form or another in all eukaryotic organisms. -Made up of th...

Parasympathetic Nervous System Correct Answer-Rest and digest Cholinergic Ach Sympathetic Nervous System Correct Answer-Fight or flight Adrenergic NE Alpha 1 receptors Correct Answer-Constriction of blood vessels, sphincters, and uterus Ejaculation Mydriasis (Vasoconstriction = increased BP) Beta 1 receptors Correct Answer-Increase contractility Increase HR Decrease insulin release (Predominantly found on heart) Beta 2 receptors Correct Answe

A molecule that is a storage form of carbohydrate is Correct Answer-glycogen. A body has been sectioned in such a way that there is one whole lung per section and the urinary bladder has been split in half. What type of section is this? Correct Answer-Sagittal As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, Correct Answer-they die. The lens of the eye thickens when the Correct Answer-ciliary muscles contract. Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nu...

A nurse states that her patient looks "like he's a hundred years old". Which of the following does this statement reflect? A. Perceived Age B. Chronological Age C. Functional Age D. Subjective Age Correct Answer-A. Perceived Age Subjective age: also referred to as feel age or age identity; describes a person's perception of his or her age Perceived age: other people's estimation of someone's age Chronologic age: the length of time that has passed since birth Functional age:...

What are the risk factors for bladder cancer? Correct Answer-#1 cigarette smoking Workplace exposure to industrial chemicals Radiation for cervical cancer Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy Chronic bladder irritation from - Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) - Long-term indwelling catheters - Kidney and bladder stones What are the clinical manifestations of bladder cancer? Correct Answer-Hematuria - often first sign Bladder irritability Dysuria Frequency Urgency Diagnostics - ...

cell injury causes Correct Answer--Hypoxia -Oxidative stress -Nutritional imbalances -chemical agents -Physical/mechanical agents -infectious agent -genetic alterations -immunologic alterations and inflammation Mechanisms of cellular injury Correct Answer-· ATP Depletion · ROS (reactive oxygen species) · Intracellular calcium entry (lead mitochondrial membrane permeability -> apoptosis) · Membrane damage · Protein misfolding/dna damage Definition of hypoxia Correct Answe...

Atrophy Correct Answer-cells shrink and reduce their differentiated functions in response to normal and injurious factors cause of atrophy (5) Correct Answer--disuse -poor nutrition -denervation -ischemia -persistent cell injury 2 biochemical pathways for atrophy Correct Answer-1. ubiquitin- proteosome system 2. lysosomes Hypertrophy Correct Answer-increased cell mass accompanied by an augmented functional capacity in response to physiologic and pathophysiologic demands -musc...

Central chemoreceptors Correct Answer-Located in the medullary center Respond to changes in CO2 and pH Peripheral chemoreceptors Correct Answer-Located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies Respond to decrease in arterial O2 (PaCO2) Why can administering too much oxygen to a COPD patient potentially cause respiratory arrest? Correct Answer-COPD patients rely on low levels of oxygen as their main stimulus to breathe (hypoxic drive). Supplementing too much oxygen takes away this drive to ...