Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

isopropyl alcohol2-propanol C3H7OH phenols-aromatic alcohols -Hydroxyl groups can be attached to aromatic rings (these hydroxyl hydrogens are very acidic due to possible resonance b/w the ring & the lone pairs on the O atom) -Two groups on adjacent carbons are called ortho- or o- -Two groups separated by a carbon is called meta- or m- -Two groups on opposite sides of the ring are called para- or p

deprotonating an alcoholdeprotonation of an alcohol to generate the alkoxide requires a strong base NaH OR Na/K/Li metal protonating an alkoxideEtOH, MeOH, H2O, H3O+ strong nucleophile / weak baseCl- / Br- / ICNNaSH KCH3COO strong nucleo

H2, Pd/C C=C --> C-C; ketone --> secondary ROH; aldehyde --> primary ROH; NO2 - -> NH2; CN--> NH2; imine --> NH2; 1 eq. will selectively reduce a C=C before a C=O, but excess will reduce both HNO3, H2SO4 Adds NO2 to Benzene (nitration) H2SO4, heat; H2O, heat 1. addition of SO3H to benzene (sulfonation) 2. removes SO3H from benzene (desulfonation) Cl2, AlCl3 add Cl to aromatic ring (halogenation); can also use Br2 and AlCl3; EAS Br2, FeBr3 add Br to aromatic ring (haloge...

5.2: Organic Chemistry II One or more of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon can be replaced by another atom or group of atoms thus forming the other families of organic compounds. These organic families are much more reactive than the hydrocarbons, and the non-hydrocarbon portion of the molecule is called the functional group since it largely determines how the molecule behaves (functions). Replacement of one or more hydrogens of a hydrocarbon by a halogen atom (-F, -Cl, -Br or –I) resu...

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CHMY 223: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (Spring)