Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is the treatment for ARDS? - ANSWER 1) TREAT UNDERLYING CAUSE 2) Administer antibiotics if infection is suspected 3) Assess respiratory and neuro status 4) Administer O2 as needed 5) Bronchodilators and mucolytics 6) surfactant therapy What are the parameters for respiratory failure? - ANSWER PaO2 < 50 PaCO2 > 50 pH < 7.35 PaCO2/FiO2 ratio < 200 How do you treat a pulmonary embolism? - ANSWER Heparin bolus and infusion if pt is stable, give oxygen as needed, elev...

Red, whites and platelets come from - ANSWER bone marrow clotting factors in plasma come from - ANSWER liver Hematopoiesis - ANSWER blood cells come from stem cells in the bone marrow DIC - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - ANSWER DIC is a secondary disorder It presents as an over stimulation of both bleeding and thrombosis Microvascular thrombi and bleeding occurring simultaneously When DIC is a complication of sepsis or

Coronary sinus - ANSWER Main venous drainage vessel of the heart AV Valves - ANSWER Tricuspid and pulmonic Systolic murmur - ANSWER Aortic stenosis Mitral regurgitation Key treatments in management of HF - ANSWER -ACE -BB -Diuertics Pericardial tamponade - ANSWER -Equalization of left & right atrial pressures (CVP and PAOP) -Hypotension -Distended neck veins -auscultate heart sounds frequently

Coronary artery perfusion is dependent upon: A. Diastolic pressure B. Systolic pressure C. Afterload D. SVR - ANSWER A. Diastolic pressure Rationale: Diastolic pressure in the aortic root is higher than left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (the pressure exerted on the ventricular muscle at the end of diastole when the ventricle is full). This enables blood to flow from a higher pressure through open arteries to a lower pressure. This pressure gradient is known as coronary arte...

One day following posterior spinal fusion surgery a 35 year old female suddenly exhibits restlessness, labored breathing and acute chest pain. Her heart rate is 122/min., she is afebrile, and exhibits slightly diminished breath sounds on the right side. The findings described above should lead the nurse to suspect that the patient has developed: A. A spontaneous pneumothorax B. A pulmonary embolus C. Aspiration pneumonia D. A pleural effusion - ANSWER B. A pulmonary embolus One day f...

epoetin alfa - ANSWER anemia related to chronic kidney disease should be treated with ______________________. folic acid, Vitamin B12 - ANSWER Name two treatments for megaloblastic anemia. infection - ANSWER Glucose control (via insulin drip) in the post-CABG patient decreases the risk of ___________________. acidosis - ANSWER In acute oliguric kidney injury, hyperkalemia leads to ____________________. right - ANSWER Obstructive-sleep apnea patients are at risk for ________-sided hea...

A nurse in the emergency department assesses a patient with a hand laceration and notices that the patient smells strongly of alcohol. The patient is diabetic, irritable, and pale and reports headache. The nurse is waiting for laboratory results. What serum glucose level might the nurse expect to find? a. 50 to 60 mg/dL b. <50 mg/dL c. >1000 mg/dL d. 80 to 110 mg/dL - ANSWER b. <50mg/dL Following a chest infection, a patient with type 1 diabetes reports fatigue and nausea. Assess...

The nurse observes that the patient's jugular veins distend in the semi-upright position to more than 5 cm above the sternal angle. This is an indication of: - ANSWER fluid volume overload. what is normal Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)? - ANSWER 5-12 mmHg The resistance against which the left ventricle must pump to eject its volume is: - ANSWER systemic vascular resistance. When the tricuspid valve is open, central venous pressure reflects the filling pressure in the: - ANS...

Coronary artery perfusion is dependent upon: A. diastolic pressure B. systolic pressure C. afterload D. systemic vascular resistance (SVR) - ANSWER A. diastolic pressure Diastolic pressure in the aortic root is higher than left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the pressure exerted on the ventricular muscle at the end of diastole when the ventricle is full. This enables blood to flow from a higher pressure through open arteries to a lower pressure, a pressure gradient known as cor...

What is the function of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER to drive O2 to the cell so that the cell can make ATP for energy production What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT - ANSWER Stroke volume x Heart Rate CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility) What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each MINUTE? - ANSWER Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM ) What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each B...