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Artificial Neural Network
1). What would happen if Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) did not have any bias (fixed input)? For instance, suppose that 'y' must be 5 when all inputs are 0.

2). What are the main similarities and differences between the functions 'logsig' and 'tanh'?

3). Indicate whether the next statements are true or false and explain:

When the neutrons of an artificial neural network (ANN) use the LOGSIG function, the output values of the network cannot exceed a value of one no matter what input i...
- Book
- Study guide
- • 3 pages •
1). What would happen if Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) did not have any bias (fixed input)? For instance, suppose that 'y' must be 5 when all inputs are 0.

2). What are the main similarities and differences between the functions 'logsig' and 'tanh'?

3). Indicate whether the next statements are true or false and explain:

When the neutrons of an artificial neural network (ANN) use the LOGSIG function, the output values of the network cannot exceed a value of one no matter what input i...
Statistics review
These terms include (i) population vs. sample; (ii) parameter vs. statistic; and (iii) margin of error (and how to apply it to determine the range of values –
Know the types of sampling methods (e.g., random, simple random, systematic, convenience, stratified, and cluster).
Know the difference between an observational study versus an experimental one (and related terminology, like a retrospective, cross-section, prospective/longitudinal, treatment group vs control group, and placebo).
(i) qual...
- Study guide
- • 11 pages •
These terms include (i) population vs. sample; (ii) parameter vs. statistic; and (iii) margin of error (and how to apply it to determine the range of values –
Know the types of sampling methods (e.g., random, simple random, systematic, convenience, stratified, and cluster).
Know the difference between an observational study versus an experimental one (and related terminology, like a retrospective, cross-section, prospective/longitudinal, treatment group vs control group, and placebo).
(i) qual...
J-K Master-Slave flip-flop using NAND gates with arbitrary input sequences
Question: Find the output with the input sequences of the J-K Master-Slave flipflop using NAND gates. Follow the input sequences. Observe and record the output sequences.
- Study guide
- • 2 pages •
Question: Find the output with the input sequences of the J-K Master-Slave flipflop using NAND gates. Follow the input sequences. Observe and record the output sequences.
Principle and Operation of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Receiver
This article describes, (a) Detail principle of QPSK receiver. (b) It analyzes the operation of QPSK receiver mathematically. (c) Each block of the receiver has been analyzed and explained mathematically.
The QPSK receiver, like the BPSK receiver, can create a synchronous carrier when the received signal has a phase shift. Show that even if the signal s(t) is shifted by an angle, the output of the frequency divider produces cosine and sine carrier wave synchronous to the received signal.
- Study guide
- • 3 pages •
This article describes, (a) Detail principle of QPSK receiver. (b) It analyzes the operation of QPSK receiver mathematically. (c) Each block of the receiver has been analyzed and explained mathematically.
The QPSK receiver, like the BPSK receiver, can create a synchronous carrier when the received signal has a phase shift. Show that even if the signal s(t) is shifted by an angle, the output of the frequency divider produces cosine and sine carrier wave synchronous to the received signal.
Computation of magnetic field, MMF, current, flux, flux linkage and inductance of a toroidal coil
3.5. A laminated toroidal iron core has a mean magnetic path of diameter 15 cm and relative permeability 1000. The core has a circular cross-section of diameter 2 cm and a coil with 100 turns. The flux density in the core is 1T. Calculate
(a) the value of magnetic field strength H in the core
(b) the required coil MMF
(c) the coil current
(d) the coil flux
(e) the coil flux linkage
(f) the coil inductance from the coil flux-linkage
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 2 pages •
3.5. A laminated toroidal iron core has a mean magnetic path of diameter 15 cm and relative permeability 1000. The core has a circular cross-section of diameter 2 cm and a coil with 100 turns. The flux density in the core is 1T. Calculate
(a) the value of magnetic field strength H in the core
(b) the required coil MMF
(c) the coil current
(d) the coil flux
(e) the coil flux linkage
(f) the coil inductance from the coil flux-linkage
Frequency modulation (FM) and demodulation
Find an expression for the instantaneous frequency of FM modulation
Find the followings expression for the signals z(t), w(t), of an FM demodulation as shown in the diagram. Determine the bandwidth of the signal w(t) according to Carson's rule.
The received signal passes through a square law device, DC blocker, again a square law device, again a DC blocker.
w(t) is the output of the final DC blocker
z(t) is the output of the first DC blocker
x(t) is the output of the first square law device and...
- Class notes
- • 3 pages •
Find an expression for the instantaneous frequency of FM modulation
Find the followings expression for the signals z(t), w(t), of an FM demodulation as shown in the diagram. Determine the bandwidth of the signal w(t) according to Carson's rule.
The received signal passes through a square law device, DC blocker, again a square law device, again a DC blocker.
w(t) is the output of the final DC blocker
z(t) is the output of the first DC blocker
x(t) is the output of the first square law device and...
Effect of Quantization of filter coefficients in Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters
Does the quantization of the coefficients in the direct form structure destroy the linear phase property of FIR linear phase unquantized filters? Why?
- Study guide
- • 2 pages •
Does the quantization of the coefficients in the direct form structure destroy the linear phase property of FIR linear phase unquantized filters? Why?
Why there is an asymmetry in the use of a hardware enhancement and a software enhancement
Despite the speedup achieved by processors with a branch-target buffer, not only do processors without such a buffer remain in production, new processor designs without this enhancement are still developed. Yet, once the FFT became known, the DFT was abandoned. Certainly, the speedup is desirable, generally.
 What reasons can you think of to explain this asymmetry in the use of a hardware enhancement and a software enhancement, and what does your answer say about the economics of hardware an...
- Summary
- • 3 pages •
Despite the speedup achieved by processors with a branch-target buffer, not only do processors without such a buffer remain in production, new processor designs without this enhancement are still developed. Yet, once the FFT became known, the DFT was abandoned. Certainly, the speedup is desirable, generally.
 What reasons can you think of to explain this asymmetry in the use of a hardware enhancement and a software enhancement, and what does your answer say about the economics of hardware an...
Calculate the Standing Wave Ratio and wavelength of a Transmission Line analytically and from SWR waveform
Given a lossless Transmission line with Z0=50ohm, terminated at a resistive load RL>Z0. The plot of voltage standing wave ratio is given with vmax=6volt, vmin=2volt.
(a) Determine the standing wave ratio on the line terminated (resistive).
(b) Determine RL.
(c) Determine the voltage magnitude of the incident wave.
(d) Determine the wavelength of the line if the distance between the consecutive maxima and minima is given.
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 2 pages •
Given a lossless Transmission line with Z0=50ohm, terminated at a resistive load RL>Z0. The plot of voltage standing wave ratio is given with vmax=6volt, vmin=2volt.
(a) Determine the standing wave ratio on the line terminated (resistive).
(b) Determine RL.
(c) Determine the voltage magnitude of the incident wave.
(d) Determine the wavelength of the line if the distance between the consecutive maxima and minima is given.
Detail component analysis of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
What is the need to use the synchronous carrier in BPSK demodulation?
Can a non-synchronous carrier such as cos(w0t) be used instead?
What is the use of the square-law device, the band-pass filter, and the frequency divider?
What is the function of the bit synchronizer?
How the integrate-and-dump circuit is used to recover the original signal? Show it mathematically. 
Mathematically prove how the effect of 2w0 can be eliminated.
- Class notes
- • 2 pages •
What is the need to use the synchronous carrier in BPSK demodulation?
Can a non-synchronous carrier such as cos(w0t) be used instead?
What is the use of the square-law device, the band-pass filter, and the frequency divider?
What is the function of the bit synchronizer?
How the integrate-and-dump circuit is used to recover the original signal? Show it mathematically. 
Mathematically prove how the effect of 2w0 can be eliminated.