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MMBio 221 Final Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2024
Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 
 
Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord fact...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 10 pages •
Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 
 
Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord fact...
Mmbio 221 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers 2024
Virulence characteristics, unique properties, and diseases caused by: 
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, - -virulent strains contain cord factor (cell wall component) which is necessary to cause disease 
-3 types: primary (results from initial infection), secondary (reestab. of active infection after period of dormancy), disseminated (when infection spreads thru body) 
-high risk ppl are those who contact infected persons and those with immunodeficiencies (HIV--combo has 90% chance of death) 
-diagno...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 18 pages •
Virulence characteristics, unique properties, and diseases caused by: 
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, - -virulent strains contain cord factor (cell wall component) which is necessary to cause disease 
-3 types: primary (results from initial infection), secondary (reestab. of active infection after period of dormancy), disseminated (when infection spreads thru body) 
-high risk ppl are those who contact infected persons and those with immunodeficiencies (HIV--combo has 90% chance of death) 
-diagno...
MMBIO 221 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024
Who is the father of microscopy? 
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 
Lamp: 
produces visible light to illuminate the specimen 
Condenser: 
collects light and directs it through the stage opening (converges or focuses the rays of light to a single point) 
Iris diaphragm: 
regulates the amount of light available to the objective lens 
Factors that affect microscope function: 
Resolving power, numerical aperture, magnification, working distance 
Resolving power: 
ability of a microscope to differentiate two ...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 20 pages •
Who is the father of microscopy? 
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 
Lamp: 
produces visible light to illuminate the specimen 
Condenser: 
collects light and directs it through the stage opening (converges or focuses the rays of light to a single point) 
Iris diaphragm: 
regulates the amount of light available to the objective lens 
Factors that affect microscope function: 
Resolving power, numerical aperture, magnification, working distance 
Resolving power: 
ability of a microscope to differentiate two ...
BYU MMBIO 221 Final Review – Breakwell Exam Study Guide Top Graded A 2024
Define and describe the physical, chemical, and cellular components of the innate immune response. - Physical factors are barriers to entry or processes that remove microbes from the body's surface 
The epidermis consists of layers of tightly packed epithelial cells that are periodically shed. (makes up dust) 
That it is dry makes it inhospitable to microbes. 
Cebum- unsat fatty acids; inhibit growth of persperation 
 
Chemical factors are substances made by the body that inhibit microbial gr...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 6 pages •
Define and describe the physical, chemical, and cellular components of the innate immune response. - Physical factors are barriers to entry or processes that remove microbes from the body's surface 
The epidermis consists of layers of tightly packed epithelial cells that are periodically shed. (makes up dust) 
That it is dry makes it inhospitable to microbes. 
Cebum- unsat fatty acids; inhibit growth of persperation 
 
Chemical factors are substances made by the body that inhibit microbial gr...
MMBIO 221 Final Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2024 Verified 100%
An interferon is - a protein released by virally infected human cells to trigger production of antivirals in neighboring cells 
 
These antibodies are commonly found in mucus and are the most abundant in our body - IgA antibodies 
 
These cells have many identical antibodies on their surface that recognize a particular antigen. When activated the cells differentiate and proliferate into memory cells as well as plasma cells, which secrete antibodies - B cells 
 
Found on the surface of all nuclea...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 11 pages •
An interferon is - a protein released by virally infected human cells to trigger production of antivirals in neighboring cells 
 
These antibodies are commonly found in mucus and are the most abundant in our body - IgA antibodies 
 
These cells have many identical antibodies on their surface that recognize a particular antigen. When activated the cells differentiate and proliferate into memory cells as well as plasma cells, which secrete antibodies - B cells 
 
Found on the surface of all nuclea...
Mmbio 221 Robinson BYU Final Exam Questions and Answers Top Graded A 2024-2025
Edward Jenner - Developed small pox immunization using cowpox agent 
 
Paul Ehrlich - sought a " magic bullet" to destroy pathogens 
 
Alexander Fleming - discovered penicillin 
 
Joseph Lister - Pioneered aseptic surgery 
 
John Snow - father of epidemiology (cholera in London) 
 
Ignaz Semmelweis - Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients 
 
Robert Koch - Pioneered the cultivation of bacteria on solid media 
 
Louis Pasteur -...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 21 pages •
Edward Jenner - Developed small pox immunization using cowpox agent 
 
Paul Ehrlich - sought a " magic bullet" to destroy pathogens 
 
Alexander Fleming - discovered penicillin 
 
Joseph Lister - Pioneered aseptic surgery 
 
John Snow - father of epidemiology (cholera in London) 
 
Ignaz Semmelweis - Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients 
 
Robert Koch - Pioneered the cultivation of bacteria on solid media 
 
Louis Pasteur -...
MMBIO 221 exam 4 Breakwell Study Guide Graded A
sources of contamination - individuals that live in the home, especially their skin 
food brought into the home, raw and cooked 
water and air 
activities in the home like cooking, bathing 
types of microbes found on surfaces outside the home correlated with the types in the home 
 
pets, particularly dogs (higher diversity, relative species abundance) 
 
factors that influence the presence of microbes in our homes - temperature 
moistness 
lighting 
number of people in your home 
pets 
cleaning...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 13 pages •
sources of contamination - individuals that live in the home, especially their skin 
food brought into the home, raw and cooked 
water and air 
activities in the home like cooking, bathing 
types of microbes found on surfaces outside the home correlated with the types in the home 
 
pets, particularly dogs (higher diversity, relative species abundance) 
 
factors that influence the presence of microbes in our homes - temperature 
moistness 
lighting 
number of people in your home 
pets 
cleaning...
Regis NU641 ADV Clinical Pharmacology: Dermatology Questions and Answers 2024
False - Mild to moderate impetigo requires PO antibiotics to treat. 
 
staff aureus and strep pyogenes - A common bacterial organism found in skin infection is 
 
Impetigo - bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture 
 
mupirocin - topical antibiotic to treat mild impetigo 
 
cephalexin - antibiotic when impetigo worsens to treat MRSA 
 
augmentin or cefalexin - Child has cellulitis what meds would you prescribe 
 
Thrush - oral candidiasis in the...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 3 pages •
False - Mild to moderate impetigo requires PO antibiotics to treat. 
 
staff aureus and strep pyogenes - A common bacterial organism found in skin infection is 
 
Impetigo - bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture 
 
mupirocin - topical antibiotic to treat mild impetigo 
 
cephalexin - antibiotic when impetigo worsens to treat MRSA 
 
augmentin or cefalexin - Child has cellulitis what meds would you prescribe 
 
Thrush - oral candidiasis in the...
MMBIO 221 Final Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A 2024
An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; caseous necrosis is a hallmark of disease; MDR, XDR, BCG, and DOTS apply to this 
organism. 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
 
 
The most common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections, usually in women; also the cause of the life-threatening disease known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
Escherichia coli 
 
 
Brainpower Read More 
Causes a life-threatening disease in individuals experiencing crowded and stressful l...
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 13 pages •
An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; caseous necrosis is a hallmark of disease; MDR, XDR, BCG, and DOTS apply to this 
organism. 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
 
 
The most common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections, usually in women; also the cause of the life-threatening disease known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
Escherichia coli 
 
 
Brainpower Read More 
Causes a life-threatening disease in individuals experiencing crowded and stressful l...
Regis NU641 Clinical Adv Pharmacology Final Exam 2024
Clonodine - Has several off-label uses including: alcohol and nicotine withdrawal and post therpautic neuralgia 
 
Guanfacine - hypertension drug that has also been approved to use for ADHD 
 
Ramelteon (Rozerem) - Insomnia med that does not have inverse risk for patients engaging in activities while somnolent with no memory of having taking pill 
 
Common mistakes practitioners make in treating anxiety disorders - General diagnosis and following up to see if treatment goals are being met 
 
Xan...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 8 pages •
Clonodine - Has several off-label uses including: alcohol and nicotine withdrawal and post therpautic neuralgia 
 
Guanfacine - hypertension drug that has also been approved to use for ADHD 
 
Ramelteon (Rozerem) - Insomnia med that does not have inverse risk for patients engaging in activities while somnolent with no memory of having taking pill 
 
Common mistakes practitioners make in treating anxiety disorders - General diagnosis and following up to see if treatment goals are being met 
 
Xan...
Carolyn Cross 41 y.o. F 5’3” 155 lb CC: well-woman evaluation
Carolyn Cross assessment Exam Ihuman Case Study 2024 Graded A
Nc BLET State Exam Study Guide 2024 Verified Questions and Answers
Carolyn Cross 41 y.o. F 5’3” 155 lb CC: well-woman evaluation
Carolyn Cross 41 y.o. F 5’3” 155 lb CC: well-woman evaluation