Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching: Grades K-6 (5622) Q&A

"Social (or Observational) Learning Theory" Albert Bandura - Found that children learn by observing others. In a classroom setting, this may occur through modeling or learning vicariously through others' experiences. "Discovery Learning" & "Constructivism" Jerome Bruner - Suggests that lea...

A teacher introduces multiplying two-digit numbers by breaking down each step during whole-class instruction. Three students continue to struggle after four days of instruction and practice. The teacher provides three additional days of small-group instruction to the students, who are then able to b...

Zone of Proximal Development What a learner can do independently, what a learner can do with help, and what a learner can't do. Transfer of Learning How individuals would transfer learning in one context to another, similar context - or how "improvement in one mental function" could influence ...

how knowledge is constructed collaboration and real-world experiences cognitive processes changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language Bandura Theorist: Observational learning; Bobo dolls; social-cognitive theory Bruner Theorist: discovery learning and scaffolding Dewe...

Inductive Reasoning To reason by working from a specific concept to a general topic. For example, a lesson starts by exploring Earth and then moves to Earth's place in the solar system Deductive reasoning To reason by working from a general topic to a specific topic Jean Piaget Four stages of...

The use of heterogeneous groups in order to increase learning in the classroom is best supported by _____________. A. Piaget's Developmental Theory B. Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development C. Bruner's Modes of Representation D. Bloom's Taxonomy B. Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Developmen...

Behaviorism Teacher-Based Theory - focuses on observable and measurable aspects of students' behavior. Proposes behavior can be learned or unlearned as the result of stimulus-and-response actions. Views learning as process of stimuli/responses. Example of a Teacher-Based Learning Theory Behavior...

BEHAVIORISM SKINNER- focuses on two things: LEARN BY ASSOCIATION AND OBSERVATION; responses and environment; learning is acquiring and modifying associations through learners interaction with stimuli (EX. learn by association - bell rings, students get up, mini lessons, repeated reading) Classica...

Emotional A teacher observes that a fifth grader has frequent tantrums that include foot stamping and spitting. The behavior indicates atypical development in which of the following domains? Attribution I worked very hard to earn outstanding grades on my report card. Self-Determination I selected ...

A teacher introduces multiplying two-digit numbers by breaking down each step during whole-class instruction. Three students continue to struggle after four days of instruction and practice. The teacher provides three additional days of small-group instruction to the students, who are then able to b...

Zone of Proximal Development Students learn best in a social context in which a teacher teaches the students something they could not learn on their own. A teacher must determine what a student can do independently and then provide the student with opportunities. Achievement tests Measure mastery...