Biochemistry notes

Summary “Biochemistry: A Short Course” (John L. Tymoczko) Section 4 (H11). This summary is made for the course “Cell to Molecule” of the Veterinary Medicine Study.

These notes cover fatty acid degradation/oxidation. They cover odd-chain fatty acids, ketone body formation, and fatty acid metabolism as it relates to diabetes and starvation. There is also a mind map included that summarizes the important parts of the chapter.

These notes give a summary of gluconeogenesis. They cover the important steps, comparisons to glycolysis, and regulation.

These notes cover everything one would need to know regarding the structure and inner workings of membranes and phospholipids. They cover membrane structure and function, membrane proteins, lipids in membranes, transporters, and the selectivity filter. These notes also cover an overview of signal transduction pathways. They specifically cover the beta adrenergic pathway and the 7 transmembrane receptor; this is also referred to as the G-protein pathway. There are two mind maps included to help y...

These notes cover amino acids and proteins in depth. They cover polar and nonpolar effects of amino acids proteins in three-dimensional structure, how shape determines function, protein structure, and protein folding. There are two mind maps included that are there to help you make sense of the concepts and how they relate with one another.

These notes lightly cover digestion (proteases, alpha amylase, lipid digestion) and more heavily covers metabolism (basic concepts and its design). They cover catabolism, anabolism, thermodynamics, carbon oxidation, and metabolic pathways with recurring motifs. There is also a mind map included that is helpful in summarizing metabolism.

These notes cover water and buffers. They cover how weak bonds allow transient interactions, brownian motion, Coulomb's Law, hydrogen bonding, van der waals interactions, and effects of pH for buffers. There is a mind map included to help you connect the concepts of this chapter that also explains the differences in respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis.

These notes cover the inner workings of glycolysis. They cover each step of glycolysis and the enzymes that are involved in each, along with some of the inhibitors. These notes also cover the concept of high transfer potential, substrate level phosphorylation, lactic acid fermentation, energy charge as it relates to glycolysis, and responses in the liver.

These notes cover pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle in depth. They cover the enzymes/coenzymes necessary for the cycle to function, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, covalent modification of the PDH complex, harvesting electrons for the cycle, and overall regulation of the citric acid cycle. There is also a mind map included to summarize the chapter.

These notes cover nucleotide metabolism and the De Novo (synthetic) & Salvage pathways for purines and pyrimidines. They also cover ribonucleotide reductase. Included is a mind map summarizing the chapter.