Summer2022

Six Diseases that a high fibre diet helps prevent - Answer-Colon Cancer Constipation Diverticulitis Hemorrhoids Gallstones Appendicitis 3WQHow does a high fibre diet prevent disease - Answer--Increases fecal bulk and speeds up transit time through the digestive system so harmful substances aren't allowed to sit there for longer. (COLON CA) -Viscous fibre lowers blood cholesterol and normalizes blood glucose. (protects against HEART DISEASE & DIABETES) -Foods with fibre prevent excess...

What is nutrition? - Answer-The study of nutrients and other biologically active compounds in foods and in the body; sometimes also the study of human behaviours related to food. What are nutrients? - Answer-Components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning. They provide energy, serve as building material, help maintain or repair body parts, and support growth. What is a diet? - Answer-Foods (and beverages) a person usually eats and drinks. What is malnutrition? - Ans...

Define dietary patterns - Answer-Dietary patterns are the unique combination of foods, it is used to evaluate the diet and lifestyle of an individual. Define phytochemicals - Answer-Diverse group of substances which have characterisitcs of being organic, being found in plant food and not being a vitamin Define vitamins - Answer-Organic compounds which are vital to the function of the human body. Water soluble vs fat soluble - Answer-Fat soluble are : -absorbed in the lymph and gut, t...

Explain the concept of dietary patterns - Answer-The complex mixture of many different foods that people eat. A dietary pattern is the sum of thousands of individual substances. Define Phytochemicals - Answer-Extremely diverse substances that share 3 features: 1. organic 2. found in plant foods. 3. are not vitamins (are not essential) example: carotenoids (includes beta-carotene, lycopene) associated with lower risk of heart disease and cancer Describe the general characteristics of vita...

A critical evaluation and synthesis of research studies focusing on a specific topic that is useful for health-care providers is a(n): Systematic review Peer reviewed journal Hypothesis Epidemiological study - Answer-Systematic Review Which type of study follows the healthy population, looking for the development? - Answer-Cohort Which gov agencies publish the dietary guidelines for Americans? - Answer-USDA All of the following raise basal metabolism rate except: Growing Muscle m...

Depression (major depressive disorder) - Answer-the leading cause of disability in the U.S. for ages 15-44 14.8 million American adults (6.7% of the U.S. population 18 or older) median age of onset- 32 more prevalent in women 2 Clinical Types of Depression include... - Answer-exogenous endogenous Exogenous depression refers to... - Answer-situational or reactive depression Endogenous depression - Answer-occurs due the presence of an internal stressor instead of an external (socia...

Fluoxetine (Prozac®) works through which of the following mechanisms? A. inhibit monoamine oxidase B. stimulate neuronal release of norepinephrine and dopamine C. inhibit neuronal reuptake of serotonin D. stimulate neuronal release of serotonin - Answer-C. inhibit neuronal reuptake of serotonin How much time does it take for most antidepressant drugs to cause a clinical improvement in mood? A. within hours B. 2-4 weeks C. 8-10 weeks D. 12-18 weeks - Answer-B. 2-4 weeks In diagno...

Which of the following fields are encompassed in psychopharmacology? - Answer-psychology and pharmacology Neuornal reuptake terminates the actions of all the following neurotransmitters EXCEPT - Answer-acetylcholine is the study of neurotoxins found in our environment - Answer-environmental neurotoxicology Which of the following is an example of a controlled substance that is illicit (illegal)? - Answer-heroin The ability of a drug to reach its site of action is called - Answer-bioav...

Be able to explain external validity and describe how the research process assumes external validity. - Answer--External validity: the extent to which the findings of a study are relevant to subjects and settings beyond those in the study (another term for generalizability) -To what [populations, settings, treatment variables, measurement variable] can an effect be generalized? Reproduce the research process from a population-level question to a sample-level answer and generalizability of th...

Compare and contrast amphetamine vs. cocaine in their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and DEA scheduling. - Answer-Amp - Causes neuronal release of NE and DA, Cocaine - Prevents Neuronal reuptake of NE and DA, but increase synaptic levels increase activation of NE and DA Describe the pharmacokinetic differences between cocaine hydrochloride and cocaine freebase. - Answer-Cocaine - Leaves of Coca Plant, (Injection, Oral, Snorting), Bioavaliability 70-75%, Longer Durat...