5.
What is a “new system of complementarity”?
Answer: In Maritime empires, their peripheries are left behind.
Because of slavery and plantation systems, these areas only produce large amounts of cheap, raw materials.
Because of this their economy isn’t diverse and they need to import everything else.
On the other hand, Chinese peripheries experience a proto-industrial boom.
Because of this boom, laborers switch to profitable handicrafts. (specialization)
In other words, there’s less complementarity btw core & periphery in Asia.
As a result, in China there’s too much manufactured goods & less raw materials.
The core doesn’t just export manufactured goods, and get raw materials from the periphery.
You run out of both people and land to produce the raw materials because standards of living rise.