Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
Definition economic capital (Bourdieu)
Answer: accumulated property rights, immediately and directly convertible into money.
2.
Definition cultural capital (Bourdieu
Answer: educational qualifications that can be converted into money (certificats, graduate, paintings)
3.
Definition social capital (Bourdieu)
Answer: sum of mobilizable network connections, each with its own economic and cultural capital
4.
Explanation social capital as outcome (Bourdieu)
Answer: social capital is the outcome of instrumental, (sub)conscious, individual or collective investments in the build-up and maintenance of social relationships, with an eye on expected future returns.
5.
Definition of social capital (Coleman)
Answer: Social capital is defined by its function. It is a variety of different entities, with two elements in common: they all consist of some aspect of social structures, and they facilitate certain actions of actors ... within the structure. ...Social capital inheres in the structure of relations between actors and among actors. Social capital comes about through changes in the relations among persons that facilitate action\"
6.
3 forms of social capital by Coleman
Answer: 1. obligations (reciprocal expectations and trustworthiness of networks) 2. information channels via social relations in network 3. social norms for the sake of collective (rather than individual) interests
7.
Definition social capital by Putnam
Answer: \"whereas physical and human capital refers to properties of individuals ...Social capital refers to connections among individuals - social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them.\"
8.
Definition social networks (Putnam)
Answer: social networks are, according to Putnam (implicitly), lasting connections within \"associations\", in other words, \"civic organizations\": more or less formally-organized associations of volunteers.
9.
Explanation of social capital as property of individuals (Porte)
Answer: \"Social capital became defined as (1) a source of social control, (2) a source of family-mediated benefits, and (3) a source of resources mediated by nonfamily networks.\"
10.
Porte\'s critic on social capital of communities (3)
Answer: 1. contradictions between social capital at the individual level and the social capital at the collective level 2. the cause and effect of social capital as an individual and collective property are not distinguished 3. little research on alternative explanations (catch-all explanation)
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