USABO Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

iodine deficiency : goiter ethane : C2H6 propane : C3H8 butane : C4H10 methane : CH4 2 enantiomers : mirror image isomers hydroxyl : -OH carbonyl : C=O carboxyl : O=C-OH amino

Emergent Properties : Due to the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases. pg 3 Reductionism : The reduction of complex substances to simpler components that are manageable to study. This is a powerful strategy in biology. pg 3 benign tumor : A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of its origin. Heterochromatin : This shows as dark areas on the eukaryotic nucleas; it is densly packed chormatin (DNA and protein complex) which cannot be transcribed. Histo...

Calcarea, Silicea (sponges) : Lack true tissues; have choanocytes (collar cells-flagellated cells that ingest bacteria and tiny food particles) Cnidaria (hydras, jellies, sea anemones, corals) : Unique stinging structures (nematocysts) housed in special cells (cnidocytes); diploblastic, radially symmetrical, gastrovascular cavity Plathyhelminthes : Dorsoventrally flattened, unsegmented acoelomates; gastrovascular cavity or no digestive tract Rotifera (rotifers) : Pseudocoelomates wi...

The production of the genetically engineered "golden rice" could be important to people of developing nations, especially in South-East Asia, because: A. people are more likely to consume yellow grains than white. B. golden rice is less expensive to grow and harvest than white rice. C. golden rice has been engineered to be resistant to most commercially available herbicides. D. golden rice has been engineered to contain higher concentrations of β-carotene than white rice. E. golden...

Why is myelin important in the nervous system? A. It allows signals to travel faster along axons because depolarization occurs only at myelinated locations. B. It allows signals to travel faster along axons because depolarization occurs only at nonmyelinated locations. C. It bundles the dendrites of adjacent neurons together. D. It increases capacitance across the cell membrane, which helps electrical signals to leave the axons. E. It traps neurotransmitters, increasing their concentr...

What vitamin is found in Porkk, used in removing CO2, and symptoms of deficiency are Beriberi : B1 Thiamine Whats is B2 : riboflavin (skin lessions and cracks at corners of mouth) What is B3 Found in Nuts, Meats, and Grains : Niacin *skin and gastrointesinal lessions, delusions, cofnusions) How much B vitamins are there : 12 What vitamin is found in citrus fruit/Broccolo/Tomatoes, used in collagen synthesis, and symptoms of deficiency is scurvy, 2 : Ascorbic Acid (C) What are the ...

What enzyme does HIV use to convert RNA to DNA? : Reverse Transcriptase The promoter region of a prokaryotic gene is located ______ to the gene and is the binding site for ______. : 5'...RNA polymerase Which of the following is TRUE of prokaryotes? I. Simultaneous transcription and translation II. Presence of intron sequences III. Circular DNA : I and III only 2 Integral transmembrane proteins are proteins imbedded in the cell membrane. Which of the following amino acids would ...

vitamin b1/thiamine : coenzyme in TCA, beriberi (anemia, nerver disorders, emaciation) vitamin b2 (riboflavin) : FAD and FMN (angular chelitis) (ETC) niacin : NAD+ and NADP+ vitamin b6 (pyridoxine) : amino acid metabolism (numb feet, bad coordination, unstable gait, anemia, muscle twitch, irritable, convlusions) pantothenic acid : coA (fatigue, numbness, tingling hands or feet) 2 folic acid (folacin) (not in meat) : coenzyme in nucleic acid/ amino acid metabolism (nercous system di...

Types of animal signaling/communication : 1. Pheromones: Chemical signals that have evolved for communication between members of the same species 2. Auditory: Vocalizations for animals to remain hidden while talking 3. Visual: Signals that can be seen like gestures, facial expressions, body posture, coloration 4. Tactile: Involves touching, most common form like grooming, mating, infant care, social bonding Stimulus response chain : The response to each stimulus serves as a stimulus fo...

Which statement is true about enzymes? Enzymes... A. Are made up of a base containing nitrogen, phosphate, and ribose. B. Have activity that is independent of temperature and pH. C. Lose some or all of their normal activity when their 3-D structure is disrupted. D. Provide the activation energy needed to activate a reaction. E. Work once only and then are destroyed. : C. Lose some or all of their normal activity when their 3-D structure is disrupted. You have a multicellular organism ...