USABO Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

homologous chromosomes : Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure chiasmata : X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred. cohesins : Proteins that hold sister chromatids together crossing over : Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. synaptonemal complex 2 : A zipper-like protein structure that causes replicated homologs to become physically connected during prophase of meiosis I; sets the stag...

root system : the entire set of plant roots that anchor the plant, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food shoot system : the aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers photosynthate : a sugar or other product of photosynthesis primary root : the first root (and organ) that emerges from a germinating seed 2 lateral root : a root that develops from the pericycle of an established root taproot : a main vertical root tha...

insterstitial fluid : fluid located between cells and among tissues cuboidal epithelium : cube shaped epithelial cells that function in secretion, and are located in various endocrine glands simple columnar epithelium : lines intestines, secretes digestive juices and absorbs nutrients, one cell thick pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium : forms a mucous membrane in portions of the respiratory tract; contains cilia that move the film of mucous stratified squamous epithelium ...

Mycorrhizae : Symbiotic organisms (aka symbionts) with plants that live on their roots, helping the plant gain nutrients Nerve net : A nervous system that moves neural signals in all directions from the stimuli, found in invertebrates like hydra Malpighian tubules : Tubes in an insect that help with osmoregulation and excretion; they move waste into the main gut for removal. "Kidneys" of arthropods, they absorb ammonium and convert it into uric acid, then into the main gut for rem...

biological form is known as this : anatomy biological function is known as this : physiology this term means tapered on both ends; streamlined body contour : fusiform rate of exchange (for things like nutrients, waste products, and gases) is proportional to this : (membrane) surface area amount of material exchanged is proportional to this : volume 2 as body size increases, the ratio of surface area to volume ___creases : de as body size decreases, the ratio of surface area to volum...

Which statement is true about enzymes? Enzymes A. Are made up of a base containing nitrogen, phosphate, and ribose. B. Have activity that is independent of temperature and pH. C. Lose some or all of their normal activity when their 3-D structure is disrupted. D. Provide the activation energy needed to activate a reaction. E. Work once only and then are destroyed. : C. Lose some or all of their normal activity when their 3-D structure is disrupted. You have a multicellular organism that re...

Benedict test : simple carbohydrates; reducing sugars (monosaccharides- ie. glucose, fructose, glyceraldehyde, lactose, arabinose and maltose) biuret test : A biochemical test for the presence of proteins. ninhydrin test : detects amino acids iodine test : Test for starch sudan test : test for lipids 2 epinasty : a nastic movement in which a plant part (such as a flower petal) is bent outward and often downward. Nyctinasty (sleep movements) : movements at night or in the dark ...

USABO, Unit 5, Chapter 28 - Protists

Amino Acids (Protein Modeling, USABO)

USABO Open Exam 2024 A