PUBH 6035 (PUBH6035)

Question1:Whatquestions(ortypesofquestions)wouldyouaskthestudent? 1. Howlongdidyoursymptomsstartafteryouate? 2. What did you eat? Did your roommate and you ate the same thing or not? 3. Was there anyone else there with you that is also experiencing the same symptoms? 4. DidyoutakeanyOTCmedication,ifsowhat? 5. Any reason why you have not seen a doctor yet? Question 4: Do you think these cases of gastroenteritis represent an outbreak at the university? Why or why not? Question 6...

In this case study, the health department decided to follow up on the original complaint by thestudent and start an investigation to determine whether there was an outbreak. Under whatcircumstances might the health department decide not to follow-up on the complaint? Describe atleast three features of a complaint that would be less likely to indicate an outbreak (hint: thinkabout consistencyand availabilityof information).

1. Question: Selection bias is most likely to occur in which type of study 2. Question: Interviewer/recording bias can occur in 3. Question: If a subjects ’willingness to participate is related to both their exposure status and disease status, the resulting bias is known as: 4. Question: Non-differential misclassification tends to bias study results in which direction? 5. Question: Loss to follow-up bias is an important concern in which type of epidemiologic study? 6. Question: Which of t...

A cohort study of liver cancer among alcoholics. Incidence rates of liver canceramong alcoholic men are compared to a group of non-alcoholic men. Is gender a confounder inthisstudy? • Acase-control study of theriskofbeerconsumptionandoralcanceramongmen.Inthis study,cigarettesmokingisassociatedwithbeerconsumptionandisariskfactorfororal cancer among Both beer drinkers and nondrinkers.Iscigarettesmokinga confounderin this study?

AnExperimentalStudyinthePrimaryPreventionofType2DiabetesImaginethatresearchersareconductingarandomizedcontrolledtrialofahigh-fibersupplementasapreventivemeasureinpersonsatincreasedriskoftype2diabetes. Peopleenrolledin thestudyaredisease-freeatthetime theyagreetoparticipateinthetrial,buttheyallhaveafamilyhistoryoftype2diabetesandareconsideredathigh-risk(80%)todevelopthediseaseduring their lifetime. The 10,000 participants who start the trial are healthyindividuals who are randomly allocated to r...

1. What are the potential risks and benefits to be considered when designing this study? 2. When the side effects and long-term effects of a potential preventive measure are largely unknown, is it ethical to expose participants to these risks? Why or why not? 3. Is it ethical to deny the possible prevention benefits of high-fiber supplements to persons in the placebo group? Why or why not? 4. Do the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the participants and to society? Why or why...

In chapter 9, the strength and weaknesses of Case-control studies and Cohort studies werehighlighted. And one of the strengths of Case-Control studies is that it is efficient for rarediseases; in other words, conditions that are not common and epidemiologists are still trying tounravelthe nature ofthedisease(Aschengrau,2020).Ithought Covid-19shouldbepart ofsuchdiseases, but many of the epidemiologist studies that I have read in the past involves Cohortstudy,whilenotControlStudy?Or isitmethatisno...

Usingtheinformationprovidedinthecasestudy,completeSectionsB,C,andD(pp.5–10),typingyouranswersintoaseparatedocument. SectionB:CalculatingMeasuresofAssociation Over 25 studies have been conducted which have failed to show an associationbetweenMMRvaccineandautism.Belowaresomedatafromtwoofthesestudies(onecohortandonecase-control). Calculatethemeasureofassociationforeachstudyaftercompletingthe2x2tableandinterpretthemeasureof association. 1. CohortstudybyMadsenetal(NEJM2002) Ofthe537,30...

1. Question: If the incidence rate of a very serious disease is 25/100,000 person-years and the prevalence of this disease in the population is 75/100,000, what is the average survival time of individuals who contract this disease? 2. Question: A report of a clinical trial of a new drug versus a placebo noted that the new drug gave a higher proportion of successes than did the placebo (70% versus 40%). The report ended with the statement that the p value associated with this finding was equal t...

1. Question: The main purpose of screening is to identify symptomatic disease using tests, exams, or other procedures 2. Question: The detectable preclinical phase of a disease starts when the disease can be identified by a screening test and ends when the disease produces symptoms 3. Question: Diseasesthatareappropriateforscreening… 4. Question: Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerquestions4-8.Supposethat50,000womenwhohaveneverhadabreastcancerdiagnosisareavailableandwillingtoparticipateinane...