Samenvattingen, Aantekeningen en Examens

Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo three processing steps to become mRNA. What are they? 1. 5' cap addition 2. 3' poly-A tail addition 3. Splicing What stimulates resting B-cells to become plasma cells, divide and secrete antibody? Finding its target/binding of antigen to the antibody displayed on its surface How many different polypeptide chains are in a IgG-antibody Two (two copies of heavy chain & two copies of light chain) If a heavy chain gene has 50 V segments, 25 D segments, and 6...

Molecular biology The study of the molecular basis of genes and gene expression; molecular genetics. Central Dogma theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template Translation Process by which mrna is decoded and a protein is produced Replication process of copying DNA prior to cell division

Alternative RNA splicing a post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism in eukaryotes in which multiple protein products are produced by a single gene through alternative splicing combinations of the RNA transcript Codon three consecutive nucleotides in mrna that specify the addition of a specific amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation DNA ligase the enzyme that catalyzes the joining of DNA fragments together DNA polymerase an enzyme that synthesizes a new...

In the 1944 experiment by Avery et al., only ___ was able to transform a nonvirulent strain of bacteria into a virulent one, thereby demonstration that it is likely the ___. A) protein; chromosomal material B) genetics; protein material C) amino acid; DNA material D) DNA; genetic material D) DNA; genetic material Hershey and Chase (1952) blender experiment demonstrated that A) protein is not required for virus production B) viral coat proteins can enter the infected bacterial cells C) ...

In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to a. deoxyribose b. guanine c. ribose d adenine e. thymine b Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false? a. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates. b. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. c. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. d. An enzyme binds to its substrate at the enzyme's active site. e. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they ca...

Griffith Experiment observed change in streptococcus pneumoniae from bacteria without capsules (avirulent R rough colonies) to bacteria that had capsules (virulent S smooth colonies); result: heat-killed virulent bacteria could transform avirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria (prove that DNA is a genetic element) Meselson and Stahl Experiment DNA replicaition was semiconservative Avery Experiment genes are made up of DNA what are the base-pairing rules? T and A, C and G how many hyd...

What bases pair together in DNA and RNA? DNA: A&T - C&G RNA: A&U - C&G What is the shape of DNA? shape - double helix Backbone - sugars and phosphates Rungs - base pairs Who discovered the shape in DNA? What year? james watson and francis clark (1953) Three types of RNA: mrna (messenger) - single strand, brings info from DNA to ribosome Rrna (ribosomal) - part of ribosome Rrna (transfer) - brings correct amino acid to ribosome to build polypeptide (protein) What are three types of ...

Endonuclease A nuclease that breaks the DNA in the middle. Exonuclease A nuclease that breaks the DNA up from the ends. DNAse An enzyme that breaks down DNA. Helicase An enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA. Hind III A restriction enzyme the cuts up Lambda DNA. Klenow Fragment The sections that are being added to by DNA Polymerase III.

DNA and RNA are polymers called_, and are made of monomers called __ nucleic acids; amino acids What are the three parts of a nucleotide? nitrogen base, phosphate group, sugar What does the pentagon, indicated by the number 1 on the figure, represent? sugar What does the circle, indicated by the number 2 on the figure, represent? phosphate What do the numbers 3 and 4 on the figure represent? nitrogen base What type of sugar is found in DNA? deoxyribose

Which of the following can be described as the smallest living unit? (a)DNA (b)cell (c)organelle (d)protein B. CELL The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of biochemical reactions that result in the production of proteins, each with its own specific order of amino acids. Choose the correct series biochemical reactions from the options presented here. (a)replication, transcription, translation (b)replication, translation, transcription (c)translation, transcription,...